Framed building structure in which weight is carried by a skeleton or framework, as opposed to being supported by walls. The essential factor in a framed building is the frame’s strength. Timber-framed or half-timbered houses were common in medieval Europe. In this type the frame is filled in with wattle and daub or brick. A modern lightweight wood-frame structure, the balloon-frame house with wood-cladding, was invented in Chicago and helped make possible the rapid settlement of the western United States. The framed building enjoyed an extensive revival after World War II as the basic form of American suburban housing.
Steel and reinforced concrete are the most common materials in large contemporary structures. During the 19th century, brick or stone walls continued to bear loads, though cast-iron framing was sometimes used supplementarily, being embedded in walls or sometimes freestanding. True skeletal construction on a large-scale was first achieved in Chicago by William Le Baron Jenney in the Home Insurance Company Building (1884–85). This building featured a frame of both iron and steel. In the 20th century reinforced concrete emerged as steel’s main competitor.
The French architect Auguste Perret was the first to give external expression to a framed building (1903); he exposed as much as possible the reinforced-concrete framework of his buildings and eliminated most non-structural elements. Contemporary architecture has done away with most traditional walls altogether by the use of metal and glass screens, or curtain walls, as exterior cladding.
Adad was a weather god of the Babylonian and Assyrian pantheon. The name Adad may have been brought into Mesopotamia toward the …..
Adair v. the United States refers to (1908), case in which the U.S. Supreme Court upheld “yellow dog” contracts forbidding workers from joining ……..
Adal was the historic Islāmic state of eastern Africa, in the Danakil-Somali region southwest of the Gulf of Aden, with its capital at Harer ……………
Adalbert died c. 966. Adalberto Lombard was king of Italy who shared the throne for 11 years with his father, Berengar II, and after Berengar’s …….
Adalbert Kuhn was born on November 19th, 1812 inKönigsberg,Prussia [nowKaliningrad,Russia] and died May 5th, 1881,Berlin,Germany (acc 13)
Human ageing and the Nervous system: Changes in the structures of the brain due to normal ageing are not striking. It is true …
Atto Adalbert died in 988. He was an Italian Azzo Adalberto count of Canossa (located near Reggio nell’Emilia, Italy) and founder …….
Adam and Eve were in the Judeo-Christian and Islāmic traditions, the original human couple, parents of the human race ……………
Adam De La Halle was born c. 1250 in Arras, France and died c. 1306 in Naples. ………….
Adam’s Bridge is also called Rama’s Bridge, a chain of shoals, between the islands of Mannar, near northwestern Sri Lanka, and Rāmeswaram ………..
Adolphe Adam was born on July 24th 1803 in Paris, France and died on May 3rd, 1856 in Paris ……….
Robert Adam was born on July 3rd, 1728 in Kirkcaldy,Fife,Scotland. He died on March 3rd, 1792 inLondon,England ……….
The primary age change in the skin is a gradual loss of elasticity. Although this basic change plays a role, other factors, such as exposure to the weather and familial traits, also contribute ……
The Adamawa Plateau, also spelled Adamaoua Plateau, is an volcanic upland in west-central Africa. Though chiefly in north-central Cameroon, part ……….
Louis Adamic was born on March 23rd, 1899 in Blato, Slovenia, Austria-Hungary [now in Slovenia] and died September 4th, 1951, near Riegelsville …………
Saint Adamnan was born c. 625 in County Donegal, Ireland and died 704, feast day September 23. Adamnan is also spelled Adomnan, also called Eunan ………..
Arthur Adamov was born on August 23rd, 1908 inKislovodsk,Russia and died on March 16th, 1970 inParis,France. ….
With ageing, the bones gradually lose calcium. As a result they become more fragile and are more likely to break, even with minor falls ….
Gerry Adams was born on October 6th, 1948 in Belfast, Northern Ireland. Adams, in full Gerard Adams, was president of Sinn Féin, the political wing ……………..
Franklin Pierce Adams was born on November 15th, 1881, in Chicago, USA and died on March 23rd, 1960 in New York City ……………
